Eligible working parents in England can now apply to get 30 hours of free childcare a week for children aged nine months and older from September.
The government hopes expanding free childcare will get more parents back to work, but there are serious concerns about the number of staff and places needed.
Free childcare arrangements vary in other parts of the UK.
The average cost of full-time nursery (50 hours a week) for a child under two in England is £12,425 in 2025.
That's down 22% from 2024, according to the Coram Family and Childcare charity, reflecting the recent expansion of government-funded hours.
Wales is the most expensive place in Great Britain for under-twos, at £15,038.
The cost of a full-time place for three and four-year-olds went up in England, Scotland and Wales.
In England, all three and-four year olds are eligible for 15 hours of government-funded childcare, regardless of their parents' working status.
Other help is also available, but it depends on the age of the child and whether the parents are working or receiving certain benefits.
Working parents can get:
To qualify for the new hours, the majority of parents must earn more than £9,518, but less than £100,000 per year.
Those on certain benefits can get:
Parents who do not work might still be eligible for 30 hours of free childcare if their partner works, or they receive some benefits - for example they are on maternity or paternity leave.
Parents can apply for:
The entitlement starts at the beginning of the term after the child reaches the qualifying age.
The government website has details of the deadlines to apply for each age group.
Free childcare hours are designed to be used over 38 weeks of the year - during school term time.
However, some providers will stretch them over 52 weeks if children use fewer hours per week.
The government has increased the hourly rate it pays childcare providers offering free hours.
But in many cases, this rate does not cover the full cost of the childcare, and some providers charge for extras like meals, nappies, sun cream or trips.
According to research from the Pregnant Then Screwed charity, almost a quarter (23%) of parents it surveyed said they couldn't afford to access free childcare hours because of top-up fees.
In February 2025, the Department for Education (DfE) wrote to nurseries saying parents should be able to opt out of paying for these extras, "to ensure no family is priced out".
However, some providers say they use these payments to subsidise the cost of the free hours for three and four-year-olds. More than 5,000 nurseries signed an open letter to the DfE asking for the new rules to be delayed.
The DfE said an additional 35,000 staff and 70,000 places will be needed to meet demand by September 2025, when the free hours increase.
The number of childcare places had already risen by 44,400 between 2023 and 2024, according to DfE figures.
But the education regulator Ofsted has warned that these have not been evenly spread across the country.
The number of childminders - those providing early years care in private homes - has decreased.
A government scheme offering a cash incentive of £600 or £1,200 to new childminders ended in March.
On average, so-called "childcare deserts" have lower household incomes and higher levels of deprivation than other areas.
Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson said early years had been her "priority from day one". However, nursery bosses argue the government's updated funding rates for 2025 will not offset rising costs.
The Early Years Alliance charity said about 185 nurseries of 1,100 it surveyed said they were "likely" to withdraw from the scheme within the next 12 months "due to unsustainable financial pressures".
In April, the government announced the first 300 school-based nurseries, which it says will provide 4,000 extra places by September 2025.
Scotland
All three and four-year-olds and some two-year-olds are entitled to 30 hours a week of funded childcare during term time (or 22 hours a week if used across the year), regardless of their parents' working status.
Wales
Eligible parents can get 30 hours of childcare for three and four-year-olds, and the government says it is expanding support for two-year-olds.
Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland Childcare Subsidy Scheme (NICSS) provides a 15% discount on childcare to qualifying working parents with pre-school-age children.
The scheme will be extended to include primary school-age children from September.
Parents may be entitled to other support, including the UK-wide tax-free childcare scheme.
For every £8 paid into an online childcare account, the government adds £2 (up to £2,000 per child per year, or £4,000 for disabled children).
Parents can use the money to pay for approved childcare, for example:
The childcare provider must be signed up to the scheme.
Parents who qualify for free childcare hours can save in the tax-free scheme as well.