The charity estimated 39 people were sleeping rough across Stoke-on-Trent and Newcastle-under-Lyme, but warned the figure could be far greater.
Trevor Bailey, who helps Shelter record the numbers, said the data did not give a true reflection of the problem because only people bedded down on the floor could be counted.
According to the Office for National Statistics, the average monthly private rent in Stoke-on-Trent rose to £669 in April 2025, an annual increase of 12.4%.
Mr Buxton, who works at electrical retailer AO, said he could not afford the deposits required by private landlords.
He had never taken out a loan and so did not have a credit score, he said.
He added some social landlords had refused to take him because he had a dog, and did not want to give it away.
He unexpectedly became homeless after being evicted from a friend's house following a disagreement over bills, he said.
"I'm a 36-year-old man. At the end of the day, I should be standing on my own two feet," he said.
He added it was difficult for people in his situation to get any help from the authorities.
He said: "If you're a working person like myself who doesn't have any drug addictions, I find they just [say], 'it's ok, he's not a vulnerable person'."