Prof Kamila Hawthorne, of the Royal College of GPs, described the funding announcement as an "encouraging interim measure", but said long-term investment would be needed to tackle the "inadequate infrastructure".
"This not only makes for a poor experience for both patients and practice staff, but it restricts the care and services a practice can provide," she said.
The British Social Attitudes survey, published last month, found that just 31% of people in the UK were satisfied with NHS GP services - compared to 68% in 2019.
Research by the Institute for Government, an independent think-tank, found that patient satisfaction with GPs had fallen significantly since the pandemic, driven by fewer in-person appointments.
Around 80% of patients saw a GP in person in 2019. By last year, that had fallen to 66%.
Ruth Rankine, the primary care director at the NHS Confederation, said doctors would welcome the £102m boost to "deliver high quality care, closer to home, and fit for the 21st century".
"If we are serious about shifting care from hospital to community, from sickness to prevention, and from analogue to digital, then sustained investment in primary and community estates, equipment and technology is vital," she added.
It is unclear which of the 6,252 GP surgeries in NHS England will benefit from the new funding.
Last month the government announced it would expand a scheme to help GPs provide care to patients without admitting them to hospital - backed by £80m in funding.