Bereaved families have been traumatised by "distressing and appalling delays" to inquest proceedings, a landmark inquiry heard.
The Lampard Inquiry is examining the deaths of more than 2,000 mental health patients who died under NHS care in Essex between 2000 and 2023.
Fiona Murphy KC told the hearing "institutional defensiveness" by health providers was hindering inquests and preventing families from getting closure.
Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust (EPUT) has apologised to those affected.