China's DeepSeek AI on US national security radar

OpenAI's concerns have been echoed by the recently appointed White House "AI and crypto czar", David Sacks.

Speaking on Fox News, he suggested that DeepSeek may have used the models developed by OpenAI to get better, a process called knowledge distillation.

"There's substantial evidence that what DeepSeek did here is they distilled the knowledge out of OpenAI's models," Mr Sacks said.

"I think one of the things you're going to see over the next few months is our leading AI companies taking steps to try and prevent distillation... That would definitely slow down some of these copycat models."

In a statement, OpenAI said Chinese and other companies were "constantly trying to distil the models of leading US AI companies".

"As we go forward... it is critically important that we are working closely with the US government to best protect the most capable models," it added.

Naomi Haefner, assistant professor of technology management at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland, said the question of distillation could throw the notion that DeepSeek created its product for a fraction of the cost into doubt.

"It is unclear whether DeepSeek really trained its models from scratch," she said.

"OpenAI have stated that they believe DeepSeek may have misappropriated large amounts of data from them.

"If this is the case, then the claims about training the model very cheaply are deceptive. Until someone replicates the training approach we won't know for sure whether such cost-efficient training is really possible."

Crystal van Oosterom, AI Venture Partner at OpenOcean, agreed that "DeepSeek has clearly built upon publicly available research from major American and European institutions and companies".

However, it is not clear how problematic the idea of "building on" the work of others is.

This is especially true in AI, where the accusation of disrespecting intellectual property rights has been frequently levelled at major US AI firms.

Data safety experts have warned users to be careful with the tool, given it collects large amounts of personal data and stores it in servers in China.

Meanwhile, DeepSeek says it has been the target of cyber attacks. On Monday it said it would temporarily limit registrations because of "large-scale malicious attacks" on its software.

A banner showing on the company's website says registration may be busy as a result of the attacks.

Additional reporting from Fan Wang