Councils to be merged in major local government shake-up

District councils could be abolished and more elected mayors introduced across England under new plans for a major redesign of local government.

Ministers are set to publish a paper on Monday outlining plans for mergers in areas where there are currently two tiers of local authority - smaller district and larger county councils - in a bid to streamline services.

Elected metro mayors are also set to gain new powers over planning, in a bid to speed up the delivery of new housing and infrastructure.

But the body representing district councils has warned the plans could spark "turmoil" and argued "mega-councils" could undermine local decision-making.

Local government in England is currently marked by a complicated patchwork of arrangements that has changed a lot in recent years.

In some places, responsibility for local services is shared between county councils, which manage areas including social care and education; and district councils, which cover smaller areas and are responsible for services such as bin collections.

Some areas, particularly larger towns and some cities, have "unitary" authorities responsible for both - while the regions surrounding big cities are increasingly covered by multi-council "combined" authorities with greater powers in areas such as transport policy, planning and housing.

The Conservatives created 11 such areas, which have an elected "metro" mayor, and set a target that every part of England that wanted greater powers in some form would get a devolution deal by 2030.

Despite this, around half of England's population live in an area not covered by a devolution deal.

The Labour government pledged to extend the use of local powers before the election, as a key part of its wider targets to grow the economy and build more housing.

A paper to be published on Monday is expected to set an ambition to move towards unitary councils across all of England, with areas that currently have two tiers being asked to draw up merger proposals.

Streamlining local government will be presented as a way to enable the creation of more powerful local mayors, regarded by Labour as a means to unblock infrastructure and attract greater investment.

Elected mayors would then oversee areas representing two or more councils, and be handed more powers over things such as planning decisions and public transport.

Dozens of district councils could be abolished as a result – prompting some to claim it would deprive people of genuinely localised decision-making.

It would require a series of deals nationwide emulating North Yorkshire, which now has a unitary authority after eight councils were merged together last year.

This would mark a scale of reorganisation that goes beyond what Labour promised in its election manifesto, and mark arguably the biggest shake-up of local government since the 1970s.

The overall timetable and route to achieving this has not been confirmed - and it is not yet clear if the government will use legal powers to force councils together, or hope to encourage them to do so through funding arrangements.

Labour argues the overhaul will make local government simpler and produce savings by making the delivery of services more efficient.

In a speech on Monday, Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner will vow to make devolution the "default position of government", and give councils the powers they need to "drive growth and raise living standards".

Monday's paper is also expected to confirm plans for increased co-operation between councils in planning for transport and infrastructure projects.

Upper-tier councils, including unitary authorities and current county councils, will be required to produce slimmed-down versions of the "spatial development" strategies used to plan for projects in big cities.

Since returning to office in July, Labour has announced four devolution deals: Greater Lincolnshire, Hull and East Yorkshire, Devon and Torbay, and Lancashire.

Combined authorities, including combined county authorities in more rural areas, are more advanced in the north of England compared to the south.

There has been a weaker appetite for devolution deals in swathes of the south-west and East Anglia, where minimum population requirements would also necessitate the creation of larger combined councils.

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