The actions of armed police who surrounded and arrested a black 13-year-old boy after an officer mistook his water pistol for a real gun were "reasonable in the circumstances", the Independent Office For Police Conduct (IOPC) has said.
The child, known as "Child X", was handcuffed and confronted by marksmen in Hackney, east London, in July last year.
The police watchdog, which launched an investigation following complaints from the boy's family, said although the incident had been distressing for the boy, the officers' conduct was "reasonable".
Child X's mother said the IOPC's findings were "extremely disappointing" and said the officers' response was due to his race.