Government departments have recommended a pay rise of 2.8% for millions of public sector workers including teachers, NHS staff and senior civil servants next year.
Unions responded by saying the proposed pay increase was too low, with one threatening strike action.
The British Medical Association (BMA) said there was a "very real risk" of further industrial action if "pay erosion" was not addressed, while Unison's Helga Pile said the proposal was a "bitter pill".
The recommendations will now be considered by public sector pay review bodies.
Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood emphasised the government's move was just "the start of that process".