The House of Commons passed the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill in June, and it passed its first stage in the Lords in September.
An amendment by Labour's Baroness Berger was approved to allow a committee of peers to scrutinise the legislation further.
The wider House of Lords will now carry out line-by-line examination of the bill.
Parliament heard officials worked into the early hours of Thursday morning to compile the suggested changes to the bill that flooded in ahead of the next scrutiny stage, known as committee stage, which begins on Friday.
There appear to be seven opponents to the bill who have submitted 579 amendments between them.
According to the parliamentary authorities, while some bills have had more amendments tabled in total at committee stage, it sets a possible record for the number submitted in the first full list of suggested changes.
They say it is almost certainly unprecedented for the committee stage of this type of bill, known as a private member's bill, which has been put forward by backbench Labour MP Kim Leadbeater rather than the government.
Experts including Matthew England, a researcher at the Hansard Society, said the number of amendments "does appear to be a record, at least in the recent past".
Others drew comparisons to the bill to take the UK out of the European Union, which had 820 amendments in total.