The survey of 1,080 school and college leaders in England found 74% of headteachers said they were not satisfied with Ofsted's new inspection system.
Additionally, 80% said the timeline for the reforms does not give them enough time to prepare for the changes.
"It is important to remember that these changes have been brought in following the suicide of a headteacher under the previous inspection system," Mr Di'Iasio said.
"The fact that the majority of school and college leaders believe the new system will be even worse for their wellbeing is therefore deeply worrying."
"On top of the human toll, there is the fact that this will deter people from becoming leaders and teachers, exacerbating a deep and chronic recruitment and retention crisis.
"There was an opportunity here to make a real difference to the working lives of educators.
"Instead, that opportunity has been squandered, and we're faced with a continuation of the bad old days dressed up in a new set of adjectives."
Just over one in five (22%) headteachers said they felt the new report cards were fairer than schools being given single-word judgments.
The ASCL said it is now consulting with members on its executive committee and council over next steps.
Parents overall seem to have been more positive, with seven out of 10 surveyed by YouGov saying they preferred the new report cards to Ofsted's current system.