Patterson has long maintained her innocence, saying the toxic death cap mushrooms in the dish she prepared were accidentally added and that she never intended to harm her relatives.
She will serve three consecutive life sentences for the three murders and 25 years for the attempted murder of Mr Wilkinson.
During his sentencing remarks, Justice Christopher Beale said the gravity of Patterson's crimes meant he must impose the "maximum penalty".
Prosecutors had argued that the mother-of-two should be sentenced to life in jail with no prospect of release - the harshest punishment available in Australia.
Justice Beale agreed the crimes were the worst of their kind, but said his decision to allow parole was influenced by the "harsh prison conditions" Patterson faces in jail - including 15 months spent in solitary confinement so far, and the "substantial chance" that she could face more for her safety.
The judge noted that Patterson's reputation and the high-level of media and public interest in her case meant she would likely "remain a notorious prisoner for many years to come, and, as such, remain at significant risk from other prisoners".
He further described Patterson's current jail conditions in a female maximum security prison, where she spends 22 hours a day in her cell with no contact with other inmates due to her "major offender status".