Sexcam industry recruited us while we were schoolgirls, say models

Keiny is now 20 and works from her bedroom at home in Medellín - streaming through another studio which provides a route to big international platforms.

And if it wasn't for the high-tech equipment - several ring lights, a camera, and a large screen - this could pass for a child's room. There are about a dozen stuffed animals, pink unicorns and teddy bears.

Viewers "really like it when you look young", she says.

"Sometimes I think that's problematic. Some clients ask that you act like an actual child, and that's not OK."

She says she got into the business to help her family financially after her parents decided to divorce.

Her father knows what she's doing and she says he's supportive.

Looking back, Keiny thinks she was too young when she started at the age of 17, but even so, she isn't critical of her former employers.

Instead, she believes they helped her into a job which she says now earns her about $2,000 (£1,500) a month - far more than the minimum wage in Colombia, which is about $300 (£225) a month.

"Thanks to this job, I'm helping my mum, my dad, and my sister - my whole family," she says.

That point of view is echoed by the studios - some of which are keen to demonstrate they look after their performers.

We visited one of the biggest, AJ Studios, where we were introduced to an in-house psychologist, employed to support models' mental health. We were also shown a spa which offers pedicures, massages, botox and lip fillers at a "discount" or as prizes for "employees of the month" who may be high earners or people who are collaborative and support fellow models.

Sofi, a mother-of-two from Medellín, had been a waitress in a nightclub but, fed up with being insulted by customers, moved into webcam modelling.

But the 26-year-old says a studio she worked for pressured her into carrying out painful and degrading sexual acts, including performing with three other girls.

She explains that these requests were made by customers and agreed to by studio monitors - the staff employed to act as intermediaries between models and viewers.

Sofi says she told the studio she didn't want to perform these acts, "but they said I had no choice".

"In the end, I had to do it because it was either that, or they would ban my account," she adds, explaining that means her account would effectively be closed down.

Sofi continues working in webcam studios because she says a typical salary in Colombia would not be enough to support her and her two children. She is now saving to start a law degree.

It's not just Colombia that is facing these issues, says Erin Kilbride.

She found that between them, the big four streaming platforms also broadcast material from studios in 10 more countries - Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, and the US.

And she says she identified "gaps in platform policies and protocols that facilitate or exacerbate human rights abuses".

When we asked platforms about conditions at the studios they stream, Milley Achinte from BongaCams said she is part of a team of eight women who visit some studios in Colombia "making sure that the models are getting paid, that the rooms are clean, that models are not getting violated".

StripChat and Chaturbate do not visit studios and said they are not direct employers of performers and therefore do not intervene in the terms set between studios and models. But they both told us they are committed to a safe working environment. StripChat also said it expects studios to ensure "respectful and comfortable working conditions".

BongaCams, StripChat and Chaturbate all said they have teams to intervene if they believe a model is being forced or coerced to do something.

After two months of waking up at 05:00 to juggle webcamming, secondary school, and caring for her son, Isabella says she was eager to receive her first payment.

But after the platform and the studio took their cut, Isabella explains she was paid just 174,000 Colombian pesos ($42; £31) - far less than she expected. She believes that the studio paid her a much lower percentage than agreed and also stole most of her earnings.

The money was a pittance, she says, adding that she used some of it to buy milk and nappies.  "They deceived me."

Isabella, who is still at school, only worked as a webcam model for a few months before quitting.

The way she says she was treated at such a young age left her deeply traumatised. She couldn't stop crying, so her mother arranged for her to see a psychologist.

She and six other former employees of the studio have got together to file an official complaint with the state prosecutor's office. Collectively, they have accused the studio of exploitation of minors, labour exploitation and economic abuse.

"There are video recordings of me still online, under-age," she says, explaining she feels powerless when it comes to trying to get them removed. "It's affected me a lot and I don't want to think about it any more."

Additional reporting by Woody Morris